還搞不懂”Would have”、”Should have”和”Could have”的用法? 看過來吧!

“Would have”、”Should have”和”Could have”是英文文法中常用的情態動詞 (Modal verb)，它們都是用來表示沒發生的事情，可是這三個情態動詞的用法有點不一樣喔。

先來看一下”Would have”的用法吧。

“Would have”表示「打算做/某條件下會做，但沒有做的事情」。

(1) I would have gone to lunch with you, but I had an all-day meeting today.我今天本來要跟你一起吃午餐，但我一整天都在開會。

(2) If I had won the lottery, I would have bought you a new car.如果我中了彩票，我會買一台新車給你。

“Should have”表示「應該做，但沒有做事情」。

(3) I’m so tired today. I should have gone to bed early last night.我今天快累死了，昨晚應該早點去睡。[可是我很晚才去睡]

(4) You should have told me you were coming. I would have picked you up at the airport.你應該預先告訴我你要來，這樣我可以去機場接你。[可是你沒有先說，所以我沒有去接你]

(5) Kate missed her flight. She should have taken the earlier bus to the airport.Kate錯過她的班機，她應該坐早一點的車到機場。[可是她沒有坐早一點的車]

“Should have”還有另一個意思，它可以表示「照理應該已經發生的事情」。

(6) Where is David? He should have arrived by now.David在哪? 他應該到了。

最後來看看”Could have”的用法囉。

“Could have”表示「可以做，但沒有做的事情」。

(7) I could have picked you up at the airport, but I didn’t know you were coming.我不曉得你要來，不然我可以到機場接你。

(8) I could have arrived early, but there was an accident on the highway.我本來可以早一點到，可是公路上有意外。

(9) He could have passed the test, but he spent too much time watching TV.他本來是可以考試合格的，但他花太多時間看電視。[所以考試不合格]

“Could have”還可以用來表達「猜測可能發生的事情」。

(10)A: Where is John? It’s almost time for our meeting.A: John跑去哪? 快到開會的時間了。

B: He could have forgotten about the meeting.B: 他可能忘了要開會。

在例句(10)的情況，我們也可以用”Might have”來代替”Could have”，意思都一樣喔。

有些人看到”Couldn’t have”，可能會以爲它跟”Could have”的意思剛好相反，其實不是呢。

“Couldn’t have”是指「就算想做，也不可能做的事情」。

(11) I couldn’t have bought the car. It was too expensive.我不可能會買那台車，太貴了。

(12) Peter couldn’t have passed the test. It was too difficult.Peter不可能會通過那個測驗，那個測驗實在是太難了。[ 所以就算 Peter很努力也是沒用]

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